Chapter 3 · Discrimination · Case 2

What about morphology?

Patient

  • 58-year old patient with ischemic cardiomyopathy was implanted with a single-chamber ICD for primary prevention. He comes into office after receiving shocks during cycling.

Programming

MicroPort ICD, Programming — What about morphology?

EGM

MicroPort ICD, EGM — What about morphology?

Your turn

What is the correct diagnosis?

  1. Atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular response
  2. Ventricular tachycardia with appropriate therapies
  3. Sinus tachycardia with inappropriate therapies
  4. Dual tachycardia with appropriate therapies

Interval plot

On the bottom of the two figures we can appreciate the gradual onset of the tachycardia and the gliding into the VT zone. This is most typical for sinus tachycardia. After various markers, we see the therapies being delivered: bursts, ramps and shocks.

EGM

This is a long episode so only snippets of EGM are made available but it shows the same features as seen in the interval plot; the appearance of gradually faster ventricular events. As it is a single-chamber ICD with only a ventricular lead, we do not see an atrial channel. Where we would normally see an atrial channel, we now see a far field channel between the can and the RV coil, which is similar to a surface ECG. On this channel we can appreciate more of the QRS morphology and compare it to other episodes or live EGM which in this case is identical. This confirms the diagnosis of inappropriate therapies for sinustachycardia misdiagnosed as VT. While competitors use this information as a criterion for discimination (with varying results), it is not the case for MicroPort devices, which rely on atrial leads for discrimination, and in absence of atrial leads, rely on sudden onset and stability criteria.

In this case we can see that while initial diagnosis markers of SVT appear, the long intervals (post compensatory pauses after premature ventricular complexes) make the ICD believe that there is a sudden onset of VT (which is not the case). As the tachycardia is within the VT zone (>170/min), stable and considered as sudden onset, it is diagnosed as VT. As these three features do not change during the persistence, the therapies will keep being delivered until the ventricular rate slows down out of the VT zone. This is problematic as the sinus tachycardia tends to accelerate when a patient suffers from shocks.

Correct answer - n° 3

Practice out loud

Just describe the tracing. What do you think is going on? Describing the numbers can help.

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From Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator — Clinical cases from patients with MicroPort™ ICDs by M. Strik, A. Thiyagarajah, S. Ploux, P. Bordachar, P. Ritter. Published by Cardiocases. Each case is a question on real device interrogations: pick your answer, check it, then read the authors’ interpretation. Tap any figure to open it full screen.